Fast Optical Transients from Stellar-Mass Black Hole Tidal Disruption Events in Young Star Clusters

TL;DR

This study investigates tidal disruption events caused by stellar-mass black holes in young star clusters, revealing their rates, characteristics, and potential link to Fast Blue Optical Transients, through extensive N-body simulations.

Contribution

It provides the first large-scale simulation-based estimate of TDE rates in young star clusters and characterizes their observable features and connection to fast optical transients.

Findings

TDE rate of up to 200 Gpc^{-3} yr^{-1} in young clusters

Characteristic rapid rise and high luminosity of TDEs

Potential link between TDEs and Fast Blue Optical Transients

Abstract

Observational evidence suggests that the majority of stars may have been born in stellar clusters or associations. Within these dense environments, dynamical interactions lead to high rates of close stellar encounters. A variety of recent observational and theoretical indications suggest stellar-mass black holes may be present and play an active dynamical role in stellar clusters of all masses. In this study, we explore the tidal disruption of main sequence stars by stellar-mass black holes in young star clusters. We compute a suite of over 3000 independent $N$-body simulations that cover a range in cluster mass, metallicity, and half-mass radii. We find stellar-mass black hole tidal disruption events (TDEs) occur at an overall rate of up to roughly $200\,\rm{Gpc}^{-3}\,\rm{yr}^{-1}$ in young stellar clusters in the local universe. These TDEs are expected to have several characteristic features, namely fast rise times of order a day, peak X-ray luminosities of at least $10^{44}\,\rm{erg\,s}^{-1}$, and bright optical luminosities (roughly $10^{41}-10^{44}\,\rm{erg\,s}^{-1}$) associated with reprocessing by a disk wind. In particular, we show these events share many features in common with the emerging class of Fast Blue Optical Transients.