Jet radiation in a longitudinally expanding medium

TL;DR

This paper extends a perturbative QCD-based jet evolution model to an expanding quark-gluon plasma, showing that key factorization properties hold and providing predictions consistent with LHC data, especially at high transverse momenta.

Contribution

It introduces a modified Monte Carlo framework for jet evolution in a longitudinally expanding medium, maintaining the factorization between vacuum-like and medium-induced emissions.

Findings

Scaling relation maps expanding medium to an effective static one.

Small numerical violations of scaling due to vacuum-like emissions.

Predictions for R_{AA} and fragmentation functions align with LHC measurements.

Abstract

In a series of previous papers, we have presented a new approach, based on perturbative QCD, for the evolution of a jet in a dense quark-gluon plasma. In the original formulation, the plasma was assumed to be homogeneous and static. In this work, we extend our description and its Monte Carlo implementation to a plasma obeying Bjorken longitudinal expansion. Our key observation is that the factorisation between vacuum-like and medium-induced emissions, derived in the static case, still holds for an expanding medium, albeit with modified rates for medium-induced emissions and transverse momentum broadening, and with a modified phase-space for vacuum-like emissions. We highlight a scaling relation valid for the energy spectrum of medium-induced emissions, through which the case of an expanding medium is mapped onto an effective static medium. We find that scaling violations due to vacuum-like emissions and transverse momentum broadening are numerically small. Our new predictions for the nuclear modification factor for jets $R_{AA}$, the in-medium fragmentation functions, and substructure distributions are very similar to our previous estimates for a static medium, maintaining the overall good qualitative agreement with existing LHC measurements. In the case of $R_{AA}$, we find that the agreement with the data is significantly improved at large transverse momenta $p_T\gtrsim 500$ GeV after including the effects of the nuclear parton distribution functions.