Spin-Torsion effect on collapsing of first generation stars into neutron stars rather than black holes in Einstein-Cartan-Sciama-Kibble theory

TL;DR

This paper explores how spin-torsion coupling and ECSK dark energy influence neutron star collapse, potentially allowing neutron stars to exist in higher mass ranges than previously observed, challenging traditional black hole formation models.

Contribution

It introduces a novel ECSK theory-based model linking spin-torsion effects to dark energy, predicting neutron stars in the unobserved mass gap between 2.16 and 5 solar masses.

Findings

Dark energy injection increases neutron star mass limits.

Negative pressure from ECSK dark energy supports stability in higher mass neutron stars.

Model predicts existence of neutron stars in the unobserved mass range.

Abstract

In this project, we try to find the correlation between the non-local pressure inside the massive neutron stars resisting the gravitational collapse of the core and ECSK dark energy led by the effect of spin-torsion coupling between quark fields and the space-time at very high densities much larger than the nuclear density. The injection of dark energy into the core of massive neutron stars (MANs) and extra resistant nature of this dark energy to the collapse of MANs by the anti-gravity give the possibility of existence of neutron stars in the unobserved mass range of $[2.16M_{\odot},5M_{\odot}]$. Obtaining the ECSK TOV equation gives the local pressure of the ambient medium of MANs. Moreover, the negative pressure from the ECSK dark energy is obtained from the Lagrangian again, from which we are able to investigate the hydro-static equilibrium of the core and ambient medium of the MANs. If the equilibrium state is satisfied for the unobserved mass gap for the MANs in ECSK theory framework this will imply our model predicts this vast mass range of unobserved spectrum of the MANs in astrophysical studies.