Minimal Theory of Bigravity: construction and cosmology

TL;DR

The paper introduces the Minimal Theory of Bigravity (MTBG), a simplified model with only four degrees of freedom that retains healthy cosmological solutions similar to Hassan-Rosen bigravity, avoiding instabilities.

Contribution

It constructs a minimal bigravity theory with fewer degrees of freedom by adding constraints, ensuring stability and healthy cosmological solutions.

Findings

MTBG propagates only four degrees of freedom.

It admits stable, ghost-free cosmological solutions.

The theory matches GR in scalar and vector sectors in certain branches.

Abstract

Following the path of minimalism in alternative theories of gravity, we construct the "Minimal Theory of Bigravity" (MTBG), a theory of two interacting spin-2 fields that propagates only four local degrees of freedom instead of the usual seven ones and that allows for the same homogeneous and isotropic cosmological solutions as in Hassan-Rosen bigravity (HRBG). Starting from a precursor theory that propagates six local degrees of freedom, we carefully choose additional constraints to eliminate two of them to construct the theory. Investigating the cosmology of MTBG, we find that it accommodates two different branches of homogeneous and isotropic background solutions, equivalent on-shell to the two branches that are present in HRBG. Those branches in MTBG differ however from the HRBG ones at the perturbative level, are both perfectly healthy and do not exhibit strong coupling issues nor ghost instabilities. In the so-called self-accelerating branch, characterized by the presence of an effective cosmological constant, the scalar and vector sectors are the same as in General Relativity (GR). In the so-called normal branch, the scalar sector exhibits non-trivial phenomenology, while its vector sector remains the same as in GR. In both branches, the tensor sector exhibits the usual HRBG features: an effective mass term and oscillations of the gravitons. Therefore MTBG provides a stable nonlinear completion of the cosmology in HRBG.