Unconventional supersymmetric quantum mechanics in spin systems

TL;DR

This paper reveals a novel form of supersymmetric quantum mechanics applicable to 2x2 spin system Hamiltonians, enabling simplified solutions and insights into entanglement without relying on traditional symmetries.

Contribution

It introduces an unconventional supersymmetric framework for spin systems, extending the Fulton-Gouterman transformation, and applies it to solve complex spin-boson and many-spin models.

Findings

Supersymmetry relates eigenstates of 2x2 Hamiltonians.

The formalism simplifies solving spin-boson models.

It uncovers entanglement patterns in many-spin systems.

Abstract

It is shown that the eigenproblem of any $2\times 2$ matrix Hamiltonian with discrete eigenvalues is involved with a supersymmetric quantum mechanics. The energy dependence of the superalgebra marks the disparity between the deduced supersymmetry and the standard supersymmetric quantum mechanics. The components of an eigenspinor are superpartners\textemdash up to a $SU(2)$ transformation\textemdash which allows to derive two reduced eigenproblems diagonalizing the Hamiltonian in the spin subspace. As a result, each component carries all information encoded in the eigenspinor. We also discuss the generalization of the formalism to a system of a single spin-$\frac{p}{2}$ coupled with external fields. The unconventional supersymmetry can be regarded as an extension of the Fulton-Gouterman transformation, which can be established for a two-level system coupled with multi oscillators displaying a mirror symmetry. The transformation is exploited recently to solve Rabi-type models. Correspondingly, we illustrate how the supersymmetric formalism can solve spin-boson models with no need to appeal a symmetry of the model. Furthermore, a pattern of entanglement between the components of an eigenstate of a many-spin system can be unveiled by exploiting the supersymmetric quantum mechanics associated with single spins which also recasts the eigenstate as a matrix product state. Examples of many-spin models are presented and solved by utilizing the formalism.