Charged-particle multiplicity dependence of charm-baryon-to-meson ratio in high-energy proton-proton collisions

TL;DR

This paper explains the multiplicity dependence of charm-baryon-to-meson ratios in high-energy proton-proton collisions using a statistical hadronization model with canonical quantum charge conservation, matching experimental data.

Contribution

It introduces a canonical treatment of quantum charges in the statistical hadronization model to explain charm-hadron production ratios in $pp$ collisions, incorporating additional charm-baryon states.

Findings

Charm number conservation causes suppression of charm hadrons.

Baryon and strangeness conservation further suppress specific charm states.

Model predictions agree with ALICE experimental measurements.

Abstract

We propose that the charged-particle multiplicity dependence of the charm-baryon-to-meson ratio observed in high-energy $pp$ collisions can be explained by canonical treatment of quantum charges in the statistical hadronization model (SHM). Taking the full particle listings of PDG complemented by additional charm-baryon states from relativistic quark model predictions, we evaluate the canonical partition function and the charm-hadron chemical factors that measure the canonical suppression arising from the requirement of strict conservation of quantum charges. We demonstrate that, while charm number conservation induces common suppression on the production of both charm-baryons and -mesons, baryon (strangeness) number conservation causes further suppression on charm-baryons (charm-strange mesons) relative to nonstrange charm-mesons, thereby resulting in a decreasing $\Lambda_c/D^0$ ($D_s/D^0$) ratio toward smaller multiplicity events. The charm-hadron thermal densities thus computed are then used as pertinent weights to perform charm-quark fragmentation simulations yielding $p_T$-dependent $\Lambda_c/D^0$ and $D_s/D^0$ ratios at varying multiplicities in fair agreement with ALICE measurements.