d0 Ferromagnetism in Mg-doped Rutile TiO2 Nanoparticles

TL;DR

This study investigates Mg-doped TiO2 nanoparticles, revealing that certain doping levels induce ferromagnetism at room temperature, with magnetic properties influenced by core-shell interactions and domain wall pinning.

Contribution

It demonstrates the emergence of ferromagnetism in Mg-doped TiO2 nanoparticles without altering the crystal structure, highlighting the role of surface effects and core-shell interactions.

Findings

Mg doping induces ferromagnetism in TiO2 nanoparticles.

Ferromagnetic transition occurs at 180.2 K for x=0.06.

Magnetic irreversibility suggests core-shell magnetic interactions.

Abstract

In a quest of enriching the area of d0 magnetism in oxide materials, we have undertaken to study Mg-doped TiO2 compounds. The Ti1-xMgxO2 (x=0, 0.02, 0.04 and 0.06) nanoparticles were prepared by solid-state reaction route. The X-ray diffractions (XRD) patterns of these samples indicate single phase of tetragonal rutile-structure of TiO2. The refinement of the XRD patterns reveals no change in the crystallographic lattice parameters in comparison to pure TiO2 upon Mg doping and it indicates that Mg2+ ions do not enter core grains and form core/shell structure. SEM observations reveal the uniform morphology with nanometric grains in the range of 150-200 nm. The measurement of magnetic properties of these compounds indicates that pure TiO2 and Ti0.98Mg0.02 compounds exhibit paramagnetic behavior and Ti0.96Mg0.04 compound exhibits ferromagnetic (FM) phase superimposed with the dominating paramagnetic phase. However, Ti0.94Mg0.06 compound exhibits ferromagnetic to paramagnetic transition with FM transition temperature of 180.2 K. The measurements of zero field and field cooled magnetization data indicate low temperature magnetic irreversibility for x=0.06 sample and it was attributed to the competing AFM (core) and the FM (shell) interactions. The measurement of hysteresis curves at various temperatures indicates domain wall pinning and an exchange-bias behavior.