Photonic Crystal Optical Parametric Oscillator

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a miniaturized 20-micron semiconductor photonic crystal optical parametric oscillator operating at telecom wavelengths with a very low pump power threshold, advancing integrated quantum photonics.

Contribution

It reports the first demonstration of a compact PhC-based OPO with near diffraction-limited modes and low power threshold, enabling scalable quantum optical circuits.

Findings

Pump threshold below 0.2 mW

Achieved triply resonant configuration for efficient four-wave mixing

Miniaturized source suitable for integrated quantum photonics

Abstract

Miniaturization of devices has been a primary objective in microelectronics and photonics for decades, aiming at denser integration, enhanced functionalities and drastic reduction of power consumption. Headway in nanophotonics is currently linked to the progress in concepts and technologies necessary for applications in information and communication, brain inspired computing, medicine and sensing and quantum information. Amongst all nanostructures, semiconductor photonic crystals (PhCs) occupy a prominent position as they enable the fabrication of quasi ultimate optical cavities. Low threshold laser diodes or Raman lasers , low power consuming optical memories , efficient single photon sources or single photon quantum gates are impressive examples of their capabilities. We report the demonstration of about 20 micron long PhC semiconductor optical parametric oscillator (OPO) at telecom wavelength exploiting nearly diffraction limited optical modes. The pump power threshold is measured below 0.2 mW. Parametric oscillation was reached through the drastic enhancement of Kerr optical Four Wave Mixing by thermally tuning the high Q modes of a nanocavity into a triply resonant configuration. Miniaturization of this paradigmatic source of coherent light paves the way for quantum optical circuits, dense integration of highly efficient nonlinear sources of squeezed light or entangled photons pairs.