The $L^p$-Calder\'on-Zygmund inequality on non-compact manifolds of positive curvature

TL;DR

This paper constructs a specific non-compact manifold with positive curvature that does not support certain $L^p$-Calderón-Zygmund inequalities, showing these inequalities are not universally valid on such manifolds.

Contribution

It provides the first explicit example of a non-compact positively curved manifold lacking $L^p$-Calderón-Zygmund inequalities, addressing an open question in the field.

Findings

Constructed a non-compact manifold without $L^p$-Calderón-Zygmund inequality.

Showed $L^p$-gradient estimates and Calderón-Zygmund inequalities are not equivalent.

Contributed to understanding of Sobolev space definitions on manifolds.

Abstract

We construct, for $p>n$, a concrete example of a complete non-compact $n$-dimensional Riemannian manifold of positive sectional curvature which does not support any $L^p$-Calder\'on-Zygmund inequality: \[ \forall\,\varphi\in C^{\infty}_c(M),\qquad\|\operatorname{Hess} \varphi \|_{L^p}\le C(\|\varphi\|_{L^p}+\|\Delta\varphi\|_{L^p}). \] The proof proceeds by local deformations of an initial metric which (locally) Gromov-Hausdorff converge to an Alexandrov space. In particular, we develop on some recent interesting ideas by G. De Philippis and J. N\'u\~nez-Zimbron dealing with the case of compact manifolds. As a straightforward consequence, we obtain that the $L^p$-gradient estimates and the $L^p$-Calder\'on-Zygmund inequalities are generally not equivalent, thus answering an open question in literature. Finally, our example gives also a contribution to the study of the (non-)equivalence of different definitions of Sobolev spaces on manifolds.