Development, characterisation, and deployment of the SNO+ liquid   scintillator

SNO+ Collaboration: M. R. Anderson; S. Andringa; L. Anselmo; E.; Arushanova; S. Asahi; M. Askins; D. J. Auty; A. R. Back; Z. Barnard; N.; Barros; D. Bartlett; F. Bar\~ao; R. Bayes; E. W. Beier; A. Bialek; S. D.; Biller; E. Blucher; R. Bonventre; M. Boulay; D. Braid; E. Caden; E. J.; Callaghan; J. Caravaca; J. Carvalho; L. Cavalli; D. Chauhan; M. Chen; O.; Chkvorets; K. J. Clark; B. Cleveland; D. Cookman; C. Connors; I. T. Coulter,; M. A. Cox; D. Cressy; X. Dai; C. Darrach; B. Davis-Purcell; C. Deluce; M. M.; Depatie; F. Descamps; J. Dittmer; F. Di Lodovico; N. Duhaime; F. Duncan; J.; Dunger; A. D. Earle; D. Fabris; E. Falk; A. Farrugia; N. Fatemighomi; V.; Fischer; E. Fletcher; R. Ford; K. Frankiewicz; N. Gagnon; A. Gaur; K. Gilje,; O. I. Gonz\'alez-Reina; D. Gooding; P. Gorel; K. Graham; C. Grant; J. Grove,; S. Grullon; E. Guillian; S. Hall; A. L. Hallin; D. Hallman; S. Hans; J.; Hartnell; P. Harvey; M. Hedayatipour; W. J. Heintzelman; J. Heise; R. L.; Helmer; D. Horne; B. Hreljac; J. Hu; A. S. M. Hussain; T. Iida; A. S.; In\'acio; M. Jackson; N. A. Jelley; C. J. Jillings; C. Jones; P. G. Jones; K.; Kamdin; T. Kaptanoglu; J. Kaspar; K. Keeter; C. Kefelian; P. Khaghani; L.; Kippenbrock; J. R. Klein; R. Knapik; J. Kofron; L. L. Kormos; S. Korte; B.; Krar; C. Kraus; C. B. Krauss; T. Kroupova; K. Labe; F. Lafleur; I. Lam; C.; Lan; B. J. Land; R. Lane; S. Langrock; A. LaTorre; I. Lawson; L. Lebanowski,; G. M. Lefeuvre; E. J. Leming; A. Li; J. Lidgard; B. Liggins; Y. H. Lin; X.; Liu; Y. Liu; V. Lozza; M. Luo; S. Maguire; A. Maio; K. Majumdar; S. Manecki,; J. Maneira; R. D. Martin; E. Marzec; A. Mastbaum; J. Mauel; N. McCauley; A.; B. McDonald; P. Mekarski; M. Meyer; C. Miller; C. Mills; M. Mlejnek; E. Mony,; I. Morton-Blake; M. J. Mottram; S. Nae; M. Nirkko; L. J. Nolan; V. M.; Novikov; H. M. O'Keeffe; E. O'Sullivan; G. D. Orebi Gann; M. J. Parnell; J.; Paton; S. J. M. Peeters; T. Pershing; Z. Petriw; J. Petzoldt; L. Pickard; D.; Pracsovics; G. Prior; J. C. Prouty; S. Quirk; A. Reichold; S. Riccetto; R.; Richardson; M. Rigan; A. Robertson; J. Rose; R. Rosero; P. M. Rost; J.; Rumleskie; M. A. Schumaker; M. H. Schwendener; D. Scislowski; J. Secrest; M.; Seddighin; L. Segui; S. Seibert; I. Semenec; F. Shaker; T. Shantz; M. K.; Sharma; T. M. Shokair; L. Sibley; J. R. Sinclair; K. Singh; P. Skensved; M.; Smiley; T. Sonley; R. Stainforth; M. Strait; M. I. Stringer; R. Svoboda; A.; S\"orensen; B. Tam; J. Tatar; L. Tian; N. Tolich; J. Tseng; H. W. C. Tseung,; E. Turner; R. Van Berg; J. G. C. Veinot; C. J. Virtue; B. von Krosigk; E.; V\'azquez-J\'auregui; J. M. G. Walker; M. Walker; S. C. Walton; J. Wang; M.; Ward; O. Wasalski; J. Waterfield; J. J. Weigand; R. F. White; J. R. Wilson,; T. J. Winchester; P. Woosaree; A. Wright; J. P. Yanez; M. Yeh; T. Zhang; Y.; Zhang; T. Zhao; K. Zuber; A. Zummo

arXiv:2011.12924·physics.ins-det·May 11, 2021

Development, characterisation, and deployment of the SNO+ liquid scintillator

SNO+ Collaboration: M. R. Anderson, S. Andringa, L. Anselmo, E., Arushanova, S. Asahi, M. Askins, D. J. Auty, A. R. Back, Z. Barnard, N., Barros, D. Bartlett, F. Bar\~ao, R. Bayes, E. W. Beier, A. Bialek, S. D., Biller, E. Blucher, R. Bonventre, M. Boulay, D. Braid, E. Caden

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TL;DR

This paper reports the development and detailed characterization of a new liquid scintillator for the SNO+ neutrino experiment, highlighting its advantageous properties and broader applicability in neutrino physics.

Contribution

It introduces a novel liquid scintillator formulation with improved safety, handling, and optical properties, suitable for large-scale neutrino detection.

Findings

01

High light yield comparable to existing scintillators

02

Longer attenuation lengths and superior safety features

03

Successful deployment in multiple neutrino experiments

Abstract

A liquid scintillator consisting of linear alkylbenzene as the solvent and 2,5-diphenyloxazole as the fluor was developed for the SNO+ experiment. This mixture was chosen as it is compatible with acrylic and has a competitive light yield to pre-existing liquid scintillators while conferring other advantages including longer attenuation lengths, superior safety characteristics, chemical simplicity, ease of handling, and logistical availability. Its properties have been extensively characterized and are presented here. This liquid scintillator is now used in several neutrino physics experiments in addition to SNO+.

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