Proportional integral derivative, modeling and ways of stabilization for the spark plasma sintering process

TL;DR

This paper investigates PID control stability in spark plasma sintering, emphasizing the importance of heat lag and spatial temperature distribution for effective regulation and proposing modeling and stabilization methods.

Contribution

It introduces a model for PID control in SPS, analyzes the impact of heat lag and tooling design, and demonstrates stabilization techniques for improved temperature regulation.

Findings

PID regulation quality depends on heat lag and tooling design.

Positioning temperature control in responsive areas reduces regulation error.

Finite-element analysis aids in identifying optimal control locations.

Abstract

The stability ofthe proportional--integral--derivative (PID)controlof temperature in the spark plasma sintering (SPS) process is investigated.ThePID regulationsof this process are tested fordifferent SPS toolingdimensions, physical parameters conditions,andareas of temperature control. It isshown thatthe PID regulation quality strongly depends on the heating time lag between the area of heat generation and the area of the temperature control. Tooling temperature rate maps arestudied to revealpotential areas forhighlyefficientPID control.The convergence of the model and experiment indicatesthat even with non-optimal initial PIDcoefficients, it is possible to reduce the temperature regulation inaccuracy to less than 4K by positioning the temperature control location in highlyresponsiveareas revealed by the finite-element calculationsof the temperature spatial distribution.