Cavity-enhanced Ramsey spectroscopy at a Rydberg-atom-superconducting-circuit interface

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates cavity-enhanced Ramsey spectroscopy using Rydberg atoms coupled to a superconducting microwave resonator, enabling precise spectral measurements and quantum sensing of the resonator properties.

Contribution

It introduces a novel method combining Rydberg atoms and Ramsey spectroscopy to probe superconducting resonator modes with high precision.

Findings

Resonator resonance frequency measured with high accuracy.

Quality factor of the resonator determined via atomic spectroscopy.

Demonstration of Rydberg atoms as microscopic quantum sensors.

Abstract

The coherent interaction of Rydberg helium atoms with microwave fields in a $\lambda/4$ superconducting coplanar waveguide resonator has been exploited to probe the spectral characteristics of an individual resonator mode. This was achieved by preparing the atoms in the 1s55s$^3$S$_1$ Rydberg level by resonance enhanced two-color two-photon excitation from the metastable 1s2s$^3$S$_1$ level. The atoms then travelled over the resonator in which the third harmonic microwave field, at a frequency of $\omega_{\mathrm{res}}=2\pi\times19.556$ GHz, drove the two-photon 1s55s$^3$S$_1\rightarrow$1s56s$^3$S$_1$ transition. By injecting a sequence of Ramsey pulses into the resonator, and monitoring the coherent evolution of the Rydberg state population by state-selective pulsed electric field ionization as the frequency of the microwave field was tuned, spectra were recorded that allowed the resonator resonance frequency and quality factor to be determined with the atoms acting as microscopic quantum sensors.