Dissolution of microdroplets in a sparsely miscible liquid confined by leaky walls

TL;DR

This study investigates how microdroplets of water dissolve in oil within microchannels, highlighting the roles of wall permeability and collective effects, with modeling and experiments showing enhanced dissolution due to water vapour transport through permeable PDMS walls.

Contribution

It provides experimental and theoretical insights into microdroplet dissolution in confined, permeable environments, emphasizing the impact of wall permeability and collective effects.

Findings

Dissolution rate increases with wall permeability.

Larger droplets and those near others dissolve more slowly.

Water vapour flux through PDMS significantly affects dissolution.

Abstract

When a water droplet is deposited within a sparsely miscible liquid medium such as certain oils, the droplet surprisingly vanishes, even in a confined geometry. Such a phenomenon has crucial consequences for multiphase flows in which confined nano- and/or picoliter droplets are considered. We report here experiments of microdroplet dissolution in microchannels that reveal an enhancement of the shrinkage of confined water microdroplets in oil due to the permeability of the walls - made of polydimethilsiloxane (PDMS) - and a delay when collective effects are present. The system is first modelled assuming that the dissolution of the droplets in its surrounding liquid follows the Epstein-Plesset solution of the diffusion equation. The dissolution of small isolated droplets can indeed be described by this solution of the diffusion equation, while the vanishing of droplets larger than a certain critical value and those closer to other droplets requires numerical simulations which take into account the boundary conditions of the confined system, the neighbouring droplets and interestingly, the evaporative water vapour flux through the PDMS. Our results thus reveal the important role of the water solubility in oil and most remarkably, of the water vapour transport through permeable walls.