Higher order statistics of shear field: a machine learning approach

TL;DR

This paper develops a machine learning-based method to analyze higher order statistics of the shear field in weak lensing data, aiming to improve cosmological parameter estimation from future large datasets.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach applying machine learning to higher order shear statistics directly on observed noisy galaxy ellipticities, enhancing parameter inference capabilities.

Findings

Multidimensional linear regression best predicts cosmological parameters.

High accuracy in measuring most parameters across datasets.

Effective relation between higher order estimators and cosmological parameters.

Abstract

The unprecedented amount and the excellent quality of lensing data that the upcoming ground- and space-based surveys will produce represent a great opportunity to shed light on the questions that still remain unanswered concerning our universe and the validity of the standard $\Lambda$CDM cosmological model. Therefore, it is important to develop new techniques that can exploit the huge quantity of data that future observations will give us access to in the most effective way possible. For this reason, we decided to investigate the development of a new method to treat weak lensing higher order statistics, which are known to break degeneracy among cosmological parameters thanks to their capability of probing the non-Gaussian properties of the shear field. In particular, the proposed method directly applies to the observed quantity, i.e., the noisy galaxy ellipticity. We produced simulated lensing maps with different sets of cosmological parameters and used them to measure higher order moments, Minkowski functionals, Betti numbers, and other statistics related to graph theory. This allowed us to construct datasets with different size, precision, and smoothing. We then applied several machine learning algorithms to determine which method best predicts the actual cosmological parameters associated with each simulation. The best model resulted to be simple multidimensional linear regression. We used this model to compare the results coming from the different datasets and found out that we can measure with good accuracy the majority of the parameters that we considered. We also investigated the relation between each higher order estimator and the different cosmological parameters for several signal-to-noise thresholds and redshifts bins. Given the promising results, we consider this approach as a valuable resource, worth of further development.