Transcriptome profiling research in urothelial cell carcinoma

TL;DR

This review discusses the use of RNA-Seq technology in studying urothelial cell carcinoma, highlighting recent research, computational tools, and future directions including single-cell sequencing to better understand disease mechanisms and identify biomarkers.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of transcriptome profiling in bladder cancer, summarizing recent studies, analysis platforms, and proposing future research directions with single-cell sequencing.

Findings

RNA-Seq has been used to unravel molecular pathways in bladder cancer.

Identification of potential biomarkers for diagnosis and prognosis.

Future integration of single-cell sequencing to enhance understanding.

Abstract

Urothelial cell carcinoma (UCC) is the ninth most common cancer that accounts for 4.7% of all the new cancer cases globally. UCC development and progression are due to complex and stochastic genetic programmes. To study the cascades of molecular events underlying the poor prognosis that may lead to limited treatment options for advanced disease and resistance to conventional therapies in UCC, transcriptomics technology (RNA-Seq), a method of analysing the RNA content of a sample using modern high-throughput sequencing platforms has been employed. Here we review the principles of RNA-Seq technology and summarize recent studies on human bladder cancer that employed this technique to unravel the pathogenesis of the disease, identify biomarkers, discover pathways and classify the disease state. We list the commonly used computational platforms and software that are publicly available for RNA-Seq analysis. Moreover, we discussed the future perspectives for RNA-Seq studies on bladder cancer and recommend the application of new technology called single cell sequencing (scRNA-Seq) to further understand the disease. Keywords: Transcriptome profiling, RNA-sequencing, genomics, bioinformatics, bladder cancer