Universal Peaks Ratio In The Spectral Energy Density Of Double Hump Blazars, Gamma Ray Bursts, And Microquasars

TL;DR

This paper identifies a nearly universal ratio between the peak frequencies of the two broad humps in the spectral energy density of blazars, gamma-ray bursts, and microquasars, suggesting a common underlying physical mechanism.

Contribution

It proposes a universal ratio for the peak frequencies in the spectral energy density of blazars and related phenomena, linking it to fundamental constants and cosmic microwave background properties.

Findings

The ratio of peak frequencies is approximately universal across blazars, GRBs, and microquasars.

The ratio relates to the electron mass, peak energy of the CMB, and redshift.

A possible connection between cosmic ray electron spectrum knee and blazar SED peaks.

Abstract

The peak frequencies of the two broad humps evident in the spectral energy density of blazars (SED) are time dependent and vary a lot between different blazars. However, their ratio in most blazars, appears to be almost universal and equal to $m_e c^2/4(1+z) \epsilon_p$ to a good approximation, where $m_e$ is the electron mass, $\epsilon_p$ is the peak energy of the cosmic microwave background radiation, and $z$ is the redshift of the blazar. We discuss a possible origin of such a universal ratio in blazars and gamma ray bursts (GRBs). We point out a possible connection between the knee in the energy spectrum of cosmic ray electrons and the maximal peak energies of the two broad humps in the SED of high-energy peaked blazars.