Towards mmWave V2X in 5G and Beyond to Support Automated Driving

TL;DR

This paper advocates for millimeter wave technology in V2X communications to support automated driving, analyzing standards, use cases, challenges, and presenting experimental results demonstrating its feasibility.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive assessment of mmWave V2X, including use case analysis, technical challenges, and experimental prototypes demonstrating its potential for automated driving.

Findings

Millimeter wave V2X can meet high data rate requirements for cooperative perception.

Challenges include coverage enhancement and beam alignment.

Experimental prototypes show practical feasibility of mmWave V2X.

Abstract

Millimeter wave provides high data rates for Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communications. This paper motivates millimeter wave to support automated driving and begins by explaining V2X use cases that support automated driving with references to several standardi-zation bodies. The paper gives a classification of existing V2X stand-ards: IEEE802.11p and LTE V2X, along with the status of their com-mercial deployment. Then, the paper provides a detailed assessment on how millimeter wave V2X enables the use case of cooperative perception. The explanations provide detailed rate calculations for this use case and show that millimeter wave is the only technology able to achieve the requirements. Furthermore, specific challenges related to millimeter wave for V2X are described, including cover-age enhancement and beam alignment. The paper concludes with some results from three studies, i.e. IEEE802.11ad (WiGig) based V2X, extension of 5G NR (New Radio) toward mmWave V2X, and prototypes of intelligent street with mmWave V2X.