Relieve the $H_0$ tension with a new coupled generalized three-form dark energy model

TL;DR

This paper introduces a new coupled generalized three-form dark energy model that effectively reduces the H_0 tension and aligns with observational data, offering a promising alternative to standard cosmological models.

Contribution

The paper proposes a novel coupled generalized three-form dark energy model and demonstrates its ability to alleviate the H_0 tension using observational constraints.

Findings

The model reduces the H_0 tension to a more acceptable level.

It is consistent with R19 at 2.0 sigma confidence level.

The model behaves like early dark energy with a small positive equation of state.

Abstract

In this work we propose a new coupled generalized three-form dark energy model, in which dark energy are represented by a three-form field and other components are represented by ideal fluids. We first perform a dynamical analysis on the new model and obtain four fixed points, including a saddle point representing a radiation dominated Universe, a saddle point representing a matter dominated Universe, and two attractors representing two dark energy dominated Universes. We then use the observational data, including cosmic microwave background (CMB) data, baryon acoustic oscillations (BAO) data, and Type Ia supernovae (SN Ia) data to constrain the model parameters of the coupled generalized three-form dark energy model. For comparison, we also consider the coupled three-form dark energy model, generalized three-form dark energy model, and $\Lambda$CDM model, we find that the coupled generalized three-form dark energy model is the only one model that can reduce the $H_0$ tension to a more acceptable level, with $H_0=70.1_{-1.5}^{+1.4}$ km/s/Mpc, which is consistent with R19 at $2.0\sigma$ confidence level. We also investigate the best-fit dynamical behavior of the coupled generalized three-form dark energy model, and show that our model is equivalent to a quintom dark energy model, in which dark energy, at early epoch, behaves like some form of early dark energy with a small positive equation of state.