Neutrino amplitude decomposition in matter

TL;DR

This paper develops a comprehensive method for decomposing neutrino oscillation amplitudes into atmospheric and solar components in matter, enhancing analysis capabilities for terrestrial neutrino experiments.

Contribution

It introduces a unified amplitude decomposition framework based on the DMP perturbation theory applicable across all relevant experimental kinematics.

Findings

Decomposition covers the entire terrestrial neutrino experiment kinematic region.

Interpretation of the two modes as matter-dressed atmospheric and solar oscillations.

Derived oscillation probability expressions for all flavor channels.

Abstract

Observation of the interference between the atmospheric-scale and solar-scale oscillations is one of the challenging and tantalizing goals of the ongoing and upcoming neutrino experiments. An inevitable first step required for such analyses is to establish the way of how the oscillation $S$ matrix can be decomposed into the atmospheric and solar waves, the procedure dubbed as the amplitude decomposition. In this paper, with use of the perturbative framework proposed by Denton et al. (DMP), we establish the prescription for amplitude decomposition which covers the whole kinematical region of the terrestrial neutrino experiments. We analyze the limits to the atmospheric- and solar-resonance regions to argue that the dynamical two modes of the DMP decomposition can be interpreted as the matter-dressed atmospheric and solar oscillations. The expressions of the oscillation probability, which are decomposed into the non-interference and interference terms, are derived for all the relevant flavor oscillation channels. Through construction of the DMP decomposition, we reveal the nature of $\psi$ ($\theta_{12}$ in matter) symmetry as due to the $S$ matrix rephasing invariance. A new picture of the DMP perturbation theory emerged, a unified perturbative framework for neutrino oscillation in earth matter.