High Energy Storage Efficiency and Large Electrocaloric Effect in Lead-Free BaTi0.89Sn0.11O3 Ceramic

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that lead-free BaTi0.89Sn0.11O3 ceramic exhibits high energy storage efficiency and a significant electrocaloric effect, making it promising for energy storage and solid-state cooling applications.

Contribution

The paper reports the synthesis and comprehensive characterization of BaTi0.89Sn0.11O3 ceramic, highlighting its high energy density, efficiency, and electrocaloric properties, which are novel for lead-free ferroelectric ceramics.

Findings

Energy density of 92.7 mJ/cm³ at 60°C

Electrocaloric effect of 0.71 K at 49°C

Electromechanical strain of 0.07% at room temperature

Abstract

Lead-free BaTi0.89Sn0.11O3 (BTSn) ceramic was elaborated via a solid-state reaction method and its dielectric, ferroelectric, energy storage, electromechanical as well as electrocaloric properties were investigated at 25 kV/cm. Pure perovskite structure was confirmed by X-ray diffraction analysis. The maximum of the dielectric constant was found to be 17390 at 41 {\deg}C. The enhanced total energy density, the recovered energy density, and the energy storage efficiency of 92.7 mJ/cm3, 84.4 mJ/cm3, and 91.04%, respectively, were observed at 60 {\deg}C, whereas the highest storage efficiency of 95.87 % was obtained at 100 {\deg}C. At room temperature, the electromechanical strain and the large-signal piezoelectric coefficient reached a maximum of 0.07 % and 280 pm/V. The large electrocaloric effect of 0.71 K and the electrocaloric responsivity of 0.28. 10-6 K.mm/kV at 49 {\deg}C under 25 kV/cm were indirectly calculated via Maxwell relation from the ferroelectric polarization P (T, E) that was determined from the P-E hysteresis loops. By exploiting the Landau-Ginzburg-Devonshire (LGD) phenomenological theory, the electrocaloric response was estimated to be of 0.61 K at 50 {\deg}C under 25 kV/cm. We conclude that BTSn lead-free ceramic is a promising candidate for potential applications in high-efficiency energy storage devices and solid-state refrigeration technology.