Stochastic modication of Newtonian dynamics and Induced potential -application to spiral galaxies and the dark potential

TL;DR

This paper develops a stochastic extension of Newtonian dynamics, introducing an induced potential that explains galactic rotation curves without dark matter, linking stochastic processes to quantum-like effects in astrophysics.

Contribution

It formulates a stochastic Newtonian framework that derives an induced potential matching dark matter effects in galaxies, connecting stochastic calculus with astrophysical phenomena.

Findings

The stochastic virial theorem includes an induced potential similar to the Bohm potential.

The induced potential satisfies a nonlinear Schrödinger equation.

Application to Kepler potential reproduces galaxy rotation curves.

Abstract

Using the formalism of stochastic embedding developed by [J. Cresson, D. Darses, J. Math. Phys. 48, 072703 (2007)], we study how the dynamics of the classical Newton equation for a force deriving from a potential is deformed under the assumption that this equation can admit stochastic processes as solutions. We focus on two denitions of a stochastic Newton's equation called dierential and variational. We rst prove a stochastic virial theorem which is a natural generalization of the classical case. The stochasticity modies the virial relation by adding a potential term called the induced potential which corresponds in quantum mechanics to the Bohm potential. Moreover, the dierential stochastic Newton equation naturally provides an action functional which sat-ises a stochastic Hamilton-Jacobi equation. The real part of this equation corresponds to the classical Hamilton-Jacobi equation with an extra potential term corresponding to the induced potential already observed in the stochastic virial theorem. The induced potential has an explicit form depending on the density of the stochastic processes solutions of the stochastic Newton equation. It is proved that this density satises a nonlinear Schr{\"o}dinger equation. Applying this formalism for the Kepler potential, one proves that the induced potential coincides with the ad-hoc ''dark potential'' used to recover a at rotation curve of spiral galaxies. We then discuss the application of the previous formalism in the context of spiral galaxies following the proposal and computations given by [D. Da Rocha and L. Nottale, Chaos, Solitons and Fractals, 16(4):565-595, 2003] where the emergence of the ''dark potential'' is seen as a consequence of the fractality of space in the context of the Scale relativity theory.