Modelling Attacks in Blockchain Systems using Petri Nets

TL;DR

This paper analyzes vulnerabilities and attacks in blockchain systems, modeling them with Petri nets to understand current threats and potential future impacts of quantum computing on blockchain security.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach to model blockchain attacks using Petri nets, including considerations for quantum computing threats.

Findings

Identifies key vulnerabilities in blockchain systems.

Models attacks with Petri nets for better understanding.

Considers future quantum computing impacts.

Abstract

Blockchain technology has evolved through many changes and modifications, such as smart-contracts since its inception in 2008. The popularity of a blockchain system is due to the fact that it offers a significant security advantage over other traditional systems. However, there have been many attacks in various blockchain systems, exploiting different vulnerabilities and bugs, which caused a significant financial loss. Therefore, it is essential to understand how these attacks in blockchain occur, which vulnerabilities they exploit, and what threats they expose. Another concerning issue in this domain is the recent advancement in the quantum computing field, which imposes a significant threat to the security aspects of many existing secure systems, including blockchain, as they would invalidate many widely-used cryptographic algorithms. Thus, it is important to examine how quantum computing will affect these or other new attacks in the future. In this paper, we explore different vulnerabilities in current blockchain systems and analyse the threats that various theoretical and practical attacks in the blockchain expose. We then model those attacks using Petri nets concerning current systems and future quantum computers.