The Correlation between Black Hole Mass and Stellar Mass for Classical Bulges and the Cores of Ellipticals

TL;DR

This study refines the black hole mass and stellar core mass relation in elliptical galaxies by focusing on galaxy cores, revealing a nearly identical slope but higher normalization compared to traditional bulge-based relations, with implications for galaxy evolution.

Contribution

It introduces a new analysis of black hole and stellar core mass correlation in ellipticals, emphasizing core regions over entire spheroids, and provides an updated relation for galaxy evolution studies.

Findings

Nearly identical slope to traditional relation (1.2)

Higher normalization factor (~2x) for core-based relation

Consistent relation for fast and slow rotator ellipticals

Abstract

The correlation between black hole mass and the stellar mass of the bulge of the host galaxy has attracted much attention ever since its discovery. While traditional investigations of this correlation have treated elliptical galaxies as single, monolithic spheroids, the recent realization that massive elliptical galaxies have undergone significant late-time ($z \lesssim 2$) dissipationless assembly since their initially dense "red nugget" phase strongly suggests that black holes in present-day ellipticals should be associated only with their cores and not with their extended envelopes. We perform two-dimensional image decomposition of Two Micron All Sky Survey $K_s$-band images to derive the stellar mass of the cores of 35 nearby ellipticals with reliably measured black hole masses. We revisit the relation between black hole mass and bulge stellar mass by combining classical bulges with the cores of ellipticals. The new relation exhibits nearly identical slope ($M_{\bullet} \propto M_{\text{core}}^{1.2}$) as the conventional relation but a factor of $\sim2$ higher normalization and moderately larger intrinsic scatter (0.4 dex). At a core mass of $10^{11}\,M_{\odot}$, $M_{\bullet}/M_{\text{core}} = 0.9\%$, but it rises to $M_{\bullet}/M_{\text{core}}=1.5\%$ for the most massive cores with mass $10^{12}\,M_{\odot}$. Fast and slow rotator ellipticals follow the same correlation. The $M_{\bullet}-M_{\text{core}}$ relation provides a revised benchmark for studies of black hole-galaxy coevolution in the high-redshift Universe.