Floquet Majorana bound states in voltage-biased Planar Josephson Junctions

TL;DR

This paper investigates voltage-tuned Majorana modes in a planar Josephson junction under magnetic field, revealing their robustness and potential for experimental detection via tunneling measurements.

Contribution

It demonstrates the simultaneous hosting of 0- and π-Majorana modes in a voltage-biased junction and analyzes their hybridization and detection signatures.

Findings

Majorana modes can be tuned by voltage bias.

Modes are detectable via tunneling measurements.

Robustness to moderate disorder is shown.

Abstract

We study a planar Josephson junction under an applied DC voltage bias in the presence of an in-plane magnetic field. Upon tuning the bias voltage across the junction, $V_{{\rm J}}$, the two ends of the junction are shown to simultaneously host both $0$- and $\pi$-Majorana modes. These modes can be probed using either a Scanning-Tunneling-Microscopy measurement or through resonant Andreev tunneling from a lead coupled to the junction. While these modes are mostly bound to the junction's ends, they can hybridize with the bulk by absorbing or emitting photons. We analyze this process both numerically and analytically, demonstrating that it can become negligible under typical experimental conditions. Transport signatures of the $0$- and $\pi$-Majorana states are shown to be robust to moderate disorder.