The replacement system of the JUNO liquid scintillator pilot experiment at Daya Bay
Wenqi Yan, Tao Hu, Li Zhou, Jun Cao, Xiao Cai, Jian Fang, Lijun Sun,, Boxiang Yu, Xilei Sun, Zeyuan Yu, Yayun Ding, Mengchao Liu, Xiaoyan Ma,, Xiaohui Qian, Wanjin Liu, Yuguang Xie

TL;DR
This paper details the design, construction, and operation of a liquid scintillator replacement system at Daya Bay, which was crucial for optimizing the scintillator for JUNO's neutrino detection goals.
Contribution
It introduces a novel LS replacement system that effectively refines the scintillator composition for JUNO, ensuring the required energy resolution.
Findings
Successful implementation of the LS replacement system
Optimized LS composition achieved for JUNO
Enhanced scintillator transparency and light yield
Abstract
The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a multi-purpose neutrino experiment, will use 20 kt liquid scintillator (LS). To achieve the physics goal of determining the neutrino mass ordering, 3 energy resolution at 1 MeV is required. This puts strict requirements on the LS light yield and the transparency. Four LS purification steps have been designed and mid-scale plants have been built at Daya Bay. To examine the performance of the purified LS and find the optimized LS composition, the purified LS was injected to the antineutrino detector 1 in the experimental hall 1 (EH1-AD1) of the Daya Bay neutrino experiment. To pump out the original gadolinium loaded LS and fill the new LS, a LS replacement system has been built in EH1 in 2017. By replacing the Gd-LS with purified water, then replacing the water with purified LS, the replacement system successfully achieved the…
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