Global and local asymptotic stability of an epidemic reaction-diffusion model with a nonlinear incidence

TL;DR

This paper analyzes the stability of a reaction-diffusion SIS epidemic model with nonlinear transmission, establishing conditions for local and global stability of disease states using Lyapunov functionals and eigenvalue analysis.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive stability analysis for a nonlinear reaction-diffusion epidemic model, including both ODE and PDE cases, with new conditions for global stability.

Findings

Existence of two steady states under specific conditions.

Global stability of disease-free equilibrium when R0 ≤ 1.

Local and global stability of endemic equilibrium when R0 > 1.

Abstract

The aim of this paper is to study the dynamics of a reaction--diffusion SIS (susceptible-infectious-susceptible) epidemic model with a nonlinear incidence rate describing the transmission of a communicable disease between individuals. We prove that the proposed model has two steady states under one condition. By analyzing the eigenvalues and using the Routh--Hurwitz criterion and an appropriately constructed Lyapunov functional, we establish the local and global asymptotic stability of the non negative constant steady states subject to the basic reproduction number being greater than unity and of the disease--free equilibrium subject to the basic reproduction number being smaller than or equal to unity in ODE case. By applying an appropriately constructed Lyapunov functional, we identify the condition of the global stability in the PDE case. Finally, we present some numerical examples illustrating and confirming the analytical results obtained throughout the paper.