Encoding large scale cosmological structure with Generative Adversarial Networks

TL;DR

This paper explores the use of Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) to generate and analyze large-scale cosmological structure images, demonstrating their ability to produce statistically consistent data and facilitate efficient feature extraction.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach combining GANs and autoencoders to generate and analyze cosmological simulation images, advancing the application of deep learning in cosmology.

Findings

GANs generate statistically consistent cosmological images

Autoencoders efficiently extract features from simulation images

The combined approach aids in understanding large-scale structures

Abstract

Recently a type of neural networks called Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs) has been proposed as a solution for fast generation of simulation-like datasets, in an attempt to bypass heavy computations and expensive cosmological simulations to run in terms of time and computing power. In the present work, we build and train a GAN to look further into the strengths and limitations of such an approach. We then propose a novel method in which we make use of a trained GAN to construct a simple autoencoder (AE) as a first step towards building a predictive model. Both the GAN and AE are trained on images issued from two types of N-body simulations, namely 2D and 3D simulations. We find that the GAN successfully generates new images that are statistically consistent with the images it was trained on. We then show that the AE manages to efficiently extract information from simulation images, satisfyingly inferring the latent encoding of the GAN to generate an image with similar large scale structures.