Playing optical tweezers with deep reinforcement learning: in virtual, physical and augmented environments

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates how deep reinforcement learning trained in virtual environments can control optical tweezers in real and augmented settings, enabling safe, efficient, and adaptable microsphere manipulation.

Contribution

It introduces a method for training neural networks in virtual environments for optical tweezers control, applicable to real and augmented environments, enhancing experimental optimization.

Findings

Neural networks successfully controlled microspheres in physical experiments.

Virtual training accelerated learning and reduced equipment risk.

Augmented environment control demonstrated combining virtual and real data.

Abstract

Reinforcement learning was carried out in a simulated environment to learn continuous velocity control over multiple motor axes. This was then applied to a real-world optical tweezers experiment with the objective of moving a laser-trapped microsphere to a target location whilst avoiding collisions with other free-moving microspheres. The concept of training a neural network in a virtual environment has significant potential in the application of machine learning for experimental optimization and control, as the neural network can discover optimal methods for problem solving without the risk of damage to equipment, and at a speed not limited by movement in the physical environment. As the neural network treats both virtual and physical environments equivalently, we show that the network can also be applied to an augmented environment, where a virtual environment is combined with the physical environment. This technique may have the potential to unlock capabilities associated with mixed and augmented reality, such as enforcing safety limits for machine motion or as a method of inputting observations from additional sensors.