Floquet description of Optically Pumped Magnetometers

TL;DR

This paper develops a Floquet-based theoretical framework for optically pumped magnetometers, accurately modeling spin dynamics under various conditions and aligning well with experimental data.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive Floquet expansion approach to describe spin-operator dynamics in optically pumped magnetometers, accommodating diverse pumping profiles and decoherence effects.

Findings

Theoretical results match experimental data across various conditions.

The framework can be extended to different magnetometry schemes.

Provides detailed understanding of spin dynamics in optically pumped systems.

Abstract

We present theoretical description of Voigt and Faraday effect based optically pumped magnetometers using the Floquet expansion. Our analysis describes the spin-operator dynamics of the first, $\hat{F}(t)$, and second, $\hat{F}^2(t)$, order moments and takes into account of different pumping profiles and decoherence effects. We find that the theoretical results are in good agreement with the experimental demonstrations over a wide range of fields and pumping conditions. Finally, the theoretical analysis presented here is generalized and can be extended to different magnetometry schemes with arbitrary pumping profiles and multiple radio-frequency fields.