Gamma Radiation Source Localization for Micro Aerial Vehicles with a Miniature Single-Detector Compton Event Camera

TL;DR

This paper introduces a real-time, onboard gamma source localization method for micro aerial vehicles using a novel miniature Compton camera, enabling autonomous detection and tracking of radiation sources in complex environments.

Contribution

The paper presents a new miniaturized single-detector Compton camera and a real-time fusion algorithm for MAV-based gamma source localization, suitable for sub-1 kg drones.

Findings

Successfully localized gamma sources in simulations.

Demonstrated real-world localization with Cs137 source.

Operates in cluttered urban environments without gradient estimation.

Abstract

A novel method for localization and estimation of compact sources of gamma radiation for Micro Aerial Vehicles (MAVs) is presented in this paper. The method is developed for a novel single-detector Compton camera, developed by the authors. The detector is extremely small and weighs only 40 g, which opens the possibility for use on sub-1 kg class of drones. The Compton camera uses the MiniPIX TPX3 CdTe event camera to measure Compton scattering products of incoming high-energy gamma photons. The 3D position and the sub-nanosecond time delay of the measured scattering products are used to reconstruct sets of possible directions to the source. The proposed method utilizes a filter for fusing the measurements and estimating the radiation source position during the flight. The computations are executed in real-time onboard and allow integration of the detector info into a fully-autonomous system. Moreover, the real-time nature of the estimator potentially allows estimating states of a moving radiation source. The proposed method was validated in simulations and demonstrated in a real-world experiment with a Cs137 radiation source. The approach can localize a gamma source without estimating the gradient or contours of radiation intensity, which opens possibilities for localizing sources in a cluttered and urban environment.