Fast simulation of avalanche and streamer in GEM detector using hydrodynamic approach

TL;DR

This paper introduces a rapid hydrodynamic simulation model for GEM detectors that captures charged particle dynamics, avalanche, and streamer formation, aiding in optimizing detector configurations and understanding space charge effects.

Contribution

A novel hydrodynamic numerical model implemented in COMSOL for fast simulation of GEM detector behavior, including avalanche and streamer modes, with analysis of 2D and 3D configurations.

Findings

Optimized model effectively simulates entire GEM operation regimes.

Space charge effects significantly distort electric fields and promote streamer formation.

3D modeling provides detailed insights into detector dynamics.

Abstract

A fast, hydrodynamic numerical model has been developed on the COMSOL Multi-physics platform to simulate the evolution and dynamics of charged particles in gaseous ionization detectors based on the Gaseous Electron Multipliers (GEM). Effects of using two-dimensional (2D), 2D axisymmetric and three-dimensional(3D) models of the detectors have been analyzed to choose the optimum configuration. The chosen model has been used to follow the entire operating regime of single, double and triple GEM detectors, including avalanche and streamer mode operations. The accumulation of space charge, its contribution towards the distortion of the applied electric field and production of streamers have been investigated in fair detail using the optimized model.