LOFAR observations of galaxy clusters in HETDEX
R. J. van Weeren, T. W. Shimwell, A. Botteon, G. Brunetti, M., Br\"uggen, J. M. Boxelaar, R. Cassano, G. Di Gennaro, F. Andrade-Santos, E., Bonnassieux, A. Bonafede, V. Cuciti, D. Dallacasa, F. de Gasperin, F., Gastaldello, M. J. Hardcastle, M. Hoeft, R .P. Kraft, S. Mandal

TL;DR
This study uses LOFAR radio observations to identify and analyze diffuse radio sources in galaxy clusters within the HETDEX Spring Field, revealing the prevalence and properties of radio halos and relics, and establishing scaling relations.
Contribution
Developed a new method for extracting and calibrating LOFAR data to detect diffuse radio emission in galaxy clusters, and characterized the occurrence and properties of radio halos and relics in the HETDEX field.
Findings
73% of Planck PSZ2 clusters have diffuse radio emission
Detected 10 radio halos and 12 candidate halos
Expected at least 183 radio halos in the LoFAR survey
Abstract
Diffuse cluster radio sources, in the form of radio halos and relics, reveal the presence of cosmic rays and magnetic fields in the intracluster medium (ICM). These cosmic rays are thought to be (re-)accelerated through ICM turbulence and shock waves generated by cluster merger events. Here we characterize the presence of diffuse radio emission in known galaxy clusters in the HETDEX Spring Field, covering 424 deg. For this, we developed a method to extract individual targets from LOFAR observations processed with the LoTSS DDF-pipeline. This procedure enables improved calibration and joint imaging and deconvolution of multiple pointings of selected targets. The calibration strategy can also be used for LOFAR Low-Band Antenna (LBA) and international-baseline observations. The fraction of Planck PSZ2 clusters with any diffuse radio emission apparently associated with the ICM is…
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