An efficient second-order energy stable BDF scheme for the space fractional Cahn-Hilliard equation

TL;DR

This paper introduces a second-order, energy-stable numerical scheme for the space fractional Cahn-Hilliard equation, combining theoretical analysis and efficient computational techniques to improve accuracy and stability in phase-field modeling.

Contribution

It develops a novel second-order energy stable scheme using BDF and finite differences, with an efficient Krylov subspace method for solving the resulting system.

Findings

The scheme is proven to be energy stable and convergent.

Numerical results confirm optimal convergence orders.

Preconditioning accelerates the solution process.

Abstract

The space fractional Cahn-Hilliard phase-field model is more adequate and accurate in the description of the formation and phase change mechanism than the classical Cahn-Hilliard model. In this article, we propose a temporal second-order energy stable scheme for the space fractional Cahn-Hilliard model. The scheme is based on the second-order backward differentiation formula in time and a finite difference method in space. Energy stability and convergence of the scheme are analyzed, and the optimal convergence orders in time and space are illustrated numerically. Note that the coefficient matrix of the scheme is a $2 \times 2$ block matrix with a Toeplitz-like structure in each block. Combining the advantages of this special structure with a Krylov subspace method, a preconditioning technique is designed to solve the system efficiently. Numerical examples are reported to illustrate the performance of the preconditioned iteration.