Understanding Capacity-Driven Scale-Out Neural Recommendation Inference

TL;DR

This paper investigates distributed inference for large-scale deep learning recommendation models, showing minimal latency overhead and potential efficiency gains, thus guiding future system design for scalable recommendation serving.

Contribution

It characterizes scale-out recommendation inference, evaluates embedding strategies, and identifies trade-offs, providing foundational insights for developing efficient distributed serving solutions.

Findings

Marginal latency overhead with distributed inference (P99 latency increased by only 1%)

Latency and compute overheads are mainly due to embedding distribution and input sparsity

Distributed inference can improve resource efficiency in data-center recommendation serving

Abstract

Deep learning recommendation models have grown to the terabyte scale. Traditional serving schemes--that load entire models to a single server--are unable to support this scale. One approach to support this scale is with distributed serving, or distributed inference, which divides the memory requirements of a single large model across multiple servers. This work is a first-step for the systems research community to develop novel model-serving solutions, given the huge system design space. Large-scale deep recommender systems are a novel workload and vital to study, as they consume up to 79% of all inference cycles in the data center. To that end, this work describes and characterizes scale-out deep learning recommendation inference using data-center serving infrastructure. This work specifically explores latency-bounded inference systems, compared to the throughput-oriented training systems of other recent works. We find that the latency and compute overheads of distributed inference are largely a result of a model's static embedding table distribution and sparsity of input inference requests. We further evaluate three embedding table mapping strategies of three DLRM-like models and specify challenging design trade-offs in terms of end-to-end latency, compute overhead, and resource efficiency. Overall, we observe only a marginal latency overhead when the data-center scale recommendation models are served with the distributed inference manner--P99 latency is increased by only 1% in the best case configuration. The latency overheads are largely a result of the commodity infrastructure used and the sparsity of embedding tables. Even more encouragingly, we also show how distributed inference can account for efficiency improvements in data-center scale recommendation serving.