Generalized interfaces via weighted averages for application to graded interphases at large deformations

TL;DR

This paper introduces a generalized interface model for heterogeneous materials that accounts for arbitrary interface positions using weighted averages, improving the representation of graded interphases under large deformations.

Contribution

It extends existing interface models by allowing arbitrary interface positions and demonstrates that angular momentum balance does not require the interface to be at the mid-layer.

Findings

The interface position can be arbitrary without violating angular momentum balance.

Weighted averages provide a more accurate interface representation for graded interphases.

The model is geometrically exact and applicable to finite deformations.

Abstract

Finite-thickness interphases between different constituents in heterogeneous materials are often replaced by a zero-thickness interface model. Commonly accepted interface models intuitively assume that the interface layer is situated exactly in the middle of its associated interphase. Furthermore, it has been reported in the literature that this assumption is necessary to guarantee the balance of angular momentum on the interface. While the interface coincides with the mid-layer of a uniform interphase, we argue that this assumption fails to sufficiently capture the behavior of graded or inhomogeneous interphases. This contribution extends the formulation of the general interface model to account for arbitrary interface positions. The issue of angular momentum balance on general interfaces is critically revisited. It is proven that the interface position does not necessarily have to coincide with the mid-layer in order to satisfy the angular momentum balance. The analysis here leads to a unique definition of the controversially discussed interface configuration. The presented general interface model is essentially based upon the weighted average operator instead of the commonly accepted classical average operator. The framework is geometrically exact and suitable for finite deformations. The significance of the interface position is demonstrated via a series of examples where the interface position is identified based on a full resolution interphase.