Ferroic orders in two-dimensional transition/rare-earth metal halides

TL;DR

This paper reviews the emergence of ferroic orders such as ferromagnetism and ferroelectricity in two-dimensional transition and rare-earth metal halides, highlighting their physical properties and potential applications.

Contribution

It provides a comprehensive overview of ferroic orders in 2D transition/rare-earth metal halides, emphasizing recent experimental discoveries and their implications.

Findings

Observation of ferromagnetism in Cr$_2$Ge$_2$Te$_6$ bilayer and CrI$_3$ monolayer

Detection of ferroelectricity in SnTe monolayer and CuInP$_2$S$_6$ layers

Discussion of potential applications based on magnetic and polar properties

Abstract

Since the discovery of graphene, two-dimensional materials with atomic level thickness have rapidly grown to be a prosperous field of physical science with interdisciplinary interests, for their fascinating properties and broad applications. Very recently, the experimental observation of ferromagnetism in Cr$_2$Ge$_2$Te$_6$ bilayer and CrI$_3$ monolayer opened a door to pursuit long-absent intrinsic magnetic orders in two-dimensional materials. Meanwhile, the ferroelectricity was also experimentally found in SnTe monolayer and CuInP$_2$S$_6$ few layers. The emergence of these ferroic orders in the two-dimensional limit not only brings new challenges to our physical knowledge, but also provides more functionalities for potential applications. Among various two-dimensional ferroic ordered materials, transition/rare-earth metal halides and their derivants are very common. In this Research Update, based on transition/rare-earth metal halides, the physics of various ferroic orders in two-dimensional will be illustrated. The potential applications based on their magnetic and polar properties will also be discussed.