A 32 Channel Time-Tagging and Coincidence Detector Unit with High Data Throughput

TL;DR

This paper presents a custom FPGA-based 32-channel time-tagging and coincidence detection unit with 8 ps resolution, high data throughput, and integrated performance characterization, suitable for advanced quantum optics experiments.

Contribution

The work introduces a novel high-resolution, multi-channel FPGA-based time-tagging system with integrated performance validation, enhancing capabilities for quantum optics research.

Findings

Achieved 8 ps timing resolution across 32 channels

Developed a comprehensive, in-situ performance measurement method

Demonstrated high data throughput with USB-3 and PCIe interfaces

Abstract

Time-tagging units and coincidence detectors are used in many scientific research fields. The required timing resolution and number of input channels are varying, but some emerging experiments in the field of quantum optics require up to 32 input channels with a timing resolution of approximately 10 ps and high data processing capability. This work is about a custom designed FPGA based time-tagging and coincidence detector unit, with 32 input channels, 8 ps of timing resolution, high data processing capability and with high bandwidth communication ports, such as USB-3 and PCIe x4, for readout. With very high timing resolution and many channels it is crucial to properly characterize the performance of the time-to-digital converters in every input channel, to validate their accuracy. Important sources of error are discussed and a common method of performance measurement is evaluated, together with its often overlooked flaws. The performance measurement implemented in this project characterizes every channel simultaneously, with no additional external instrument required except for an extra crystal oscillator on the PCB and a built in pattern generator in the FPGA. The advanced measurement is accurate enough to detect different type of jitters, from varying sources, measure noise caused by power supplies, measure linearity and characterize every input channels in detail. The measurement results are presented and evaluated in detail. This board with its high performance, large number of input channels and detailed characterization is currently unique and cutting edge.