Spin Parity of Spiral Galaxies III -- Dipole Analysis of the Distribution of SDSS Spirals with 3D Random Walk Simulations

TL;DR

This study assesses whether galaxy spin vectors are randomly distributed or show large-scale symmetry-breaking, using dipole analysis and 3D random walk simulations on SDSS spiral galaxy data, finding no significant evidence of asymmetry.

Contribution

Introduces a formulation to evaluate dipole components in galaxy spin distributions and applies it to SDSS data, clarifying the presence of asymmetry.

Findings

Confirmed significant asymmetry before removing duplicates

Found modest dipole asymmetry after data cleaning

Data compatible with random distribution of galaxy spins

Abstract

Observation has not yet determined whether the distribution of spin vectors of galaxies is truly random. It is unclear whether is there any large-scale symmetry-breaking in the distribution of the vorticity field in the universe. Here, we present a formulation to evaluate the dipole component D_{max} of the observed spin distribution, whose statistical significance sigma_{D} can be calibrated by the expected amplitude for 3D random walk (random flight) simulations. We apply this formulation to evaluate the dipole component in the distribution of Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) spirals. Shamir(2017a) published a catalog of spiral galaxies from the SDSS DR8, classifying them with his pattern recognition tool into clockwise and counterclockwise (Z-spiral and S-spirals, respectively). He found significant photometric asymmetry in their distribution. We have confirmed that this sample provides dipole asymmetry up to a level of sigma_{D}=4.00. However, we also found that the catalog contains a significant number of multiple entries of the same galaxies. After removing the duplicated entries, the number of samples shrunk considerably to 45%. The actual dipole asymmetry observed for the 'cleaned' catalog is quite modest, sigma_{D}=0.29. We conclude that SDSS data alone does not support the presence of a large-scale symmetry-breaking in the spin vector distribution of galaxies in the local universe. The data are compatible with a random distribution.