Tomographic reconstruction of the runaway distribution function in TCV using multispectral synchrotron images

TL;DR

This paper develops a tomographic method using multispectral synchrotron images to reconstruct the high-energy runaway electron distribution in TCV, providing insights into their spatial and momentum characteristics.

Contribution

It introduces a multispectral tomographic reconstruction technique for runaway electrons and applies it to experimental data, revealing detailed distribution features.

Findings

Reconstruction accuracy within a few tens of percent.

Combining multispectral images improves phase-space coverage.

Runaway distribution relaxes towards an exponential decay profile.

Abstract

Synchrotron radiation observed in a quiescent TCV runaway discharge is studied using filtered camera images targeting three distinct wavelength intervals. Through the tomographic SART procedure the high momentum, high pitch angle part of the spatial and momentum distribution of these relativistic particles is reconstructed. Experimental estimates of the distribution are important for verification and refinement of formation-, decay- and transport-models underlying runaway avoidance and mitigation strategy design. Using a test distribution it is demonstrated that the inversion procedure provides estimates accurate to within a few tens of percent in the region of phase-space contributing most to the synchrotron image. We find that combining images filtered around different parts of the emission spectrum widens the probed part of momentum-space and reduces reconstruction errors. Next, the SART algorithm is used to obtain information on the spatiotemporal runaway momentum distribution in a selected TCV discharge. The momentum distribution is found to relax towards an avalanche-like exponentially decaying profile. Anomalously high pitch angles and a radial profile increasing towards the edge are found for the most strongly emitting particles in the distribution. Pitch angle scattering by toroidal magnetic field ripple is consistent with this picture. An alternative explanation is the presence of high frequency instabilities in combination with the formation of a runaway shell at the edge of the plasma.