Qubit guidelines for solid-state spin defects

TL;DR

This review provides comprehensive guidelines on the properties, engineering, and material considerations for solid-state spin defects, aiming to advance their application in quantum information science.

Contribution

It offers a broad, defect-agnostic overview of spin defect properties and engineering strategies for quantum technologies, emphasizing optical emitters.

Findings

Detailed characterization of defect and host material properties

Identification of engineering pathways for defect optimization

Guidelines applicable across various solid-state spin defect systems

Abstract

Defects with associated electron and nuclear spins in solid-state materials have a long history relevant to quantum information science going back to the first spin echo experiments with silicon dopants in the 1950s. Since the turn of the century, the field has rapidly spread to a vast array of defects and host crystals applicable to quantum communication, sensing, and computing. From simple spin resonance to long-distance remote entanglement, the complexity of working with spin defects is fast advancing, and requires an in-depth understanding of their spin, optical, charge, and material properties in this modern context. This is especially critical for discovering new relevant systems dedicated to specific quantum applications. In this review, we therefore expand upon all the key components with an emphasis on the properties of defects and the host material, on engineering opportunities and other pathways for improvement. Finally, this review aims to be as defect and material agnostic as possible, with some emphasis on optical emitters, providing a broad guideline for the field of solid-state spin defects for quantum information.