Proton em form factors data are in disagreement with new $\sigma_{tot}(e^+e^- \to p\bar p)$ measurements

TL;DR

This paper compares recent precise measurements of proton-antiproton production cross sections with existing electromagnetic form factor data, finding significant discrepancies that challenge current models of proton structure.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed analysis of the inconsistency between new total cross section data and existing proton form factor models using the Unitary and Analytic approach.

Findings

New $\sigma_{tot}(e^+e^- o p ar p)$ data are inconsistent with form factor-based predictions.

The discrepancy persists whether neutron data are included or not.

Current form factor models may need revision to align with recent experimental results.

Abstract

Till now almost 50 different data collections on the proton and neutron electromagnetic form factors, also on their ratios, exist. On the other hand, recently new very precise data on $\sigma_{tot}(e^+e^- \to p \bar p)$ from threshold up to cca 13.5 GeV$^2$ have been obtained by BESIII Collaboration using the initial state radiation technique with an undetected photon at the BEPcII collider. In this paper a consistency of the $\sigma_{tot}(e^+e^- \to p \bar p)$ data with the proton form factors behaviors is investigated, first when the latter are obtained in the analysis of the proton and neutron form factors data together by the advanced nucleon electromagnetic structure Unitary and Analytic model, and then, as the neutron data are considered to be not very precise, obtained in the analysis of only the proton form factors data in spacelike and timelike regions by the advanced proton electromagnetic structure Unitary and Analytic model. In both cases one finds the new $\sigma_{tot}(e^+e^- \to p \bar p)$ data to be inconsistent with the curves of $\sigma_{tot}(e^+e^- \to p \bar p)$ calculated by the proton electric and magnetic form factors behaviors found in both analyses.