"Tiny galaxies" from "little bang"

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates that relativistic effects activate transverse current fluctuations in dense quark matter during a phase transition, leading to spontaneous rotations and potential axial charge separation.

Contribution

It introduces a novel connection between phase transition-induced inhomogeneities and spin or axial charge separation via relativistic transverse modes.

Findings

Transverse modes oscillate with the same frequency, indicating spontaneous rotation.

Rotating clusters generate vortical flow fields affecting axial charge distribution.

Relativistic effects are crucial in activating these transverse fluctuations.

Abstract

We show, by solving the linearized Vlasov equations, that in the presence of an attractive density-dependent vector, or tensor, mean field potential, under a portion of the spinodal unstable phase region where the attractions among the quarks are more dominant, the transverse modes, i.e., the fluctuations of the current densities perpendicular to the wave vector, are activated due to relativity. In particular, the current densities in both the transverse directions oscillate with the same frequency, indicating the existence of the spontaneous rotations of the dense clusters. These rotating clusters would certainly create a local vortical flow field which, according to chiral (or spin) vortical effect, leads to the macroscopic separation of the axial charges or spins due to the spin-orbital interactions. Hence, for the first time, the connection between the axial charge or spin in-homogeneity and the first-order phase transition is proposed.