Ladder Operators and Hidden Algebras for Shape Invariant Nonseparable and Nondiagonalizable Modelswith Quadratic Complex Interaction. II. Three-Dimensional Model

TL;DR

This paper explores the hidden symmetry algebra and state structure of a three-dimensional nonseparable, nondiagonalizable quantum model with quadratic complex interactions, revealing new algebraic embeddings and connections to superintegrability.

Contribution

It identifies a set of operators forming a hidden ${rak{gl}}(3)$ algebra, embedded in larger algebras, and describes how they generate states and Jordan blocks in a complex, non-Hermitian quantum system.

Findings

Constructed a ${rak{gl}}(3)$ hidden algebra for the model

Connected the hidden symmetry to superintegrability

Extended the biorthogonal basis using operator identities

Abstract

A shape invariant nonseparable and nondiagonalizable three-dimensional model with quadratic complex interaction was introduced by Bardavelidze, Cannata, Ioffe, and Nishnianidze. However, the complete hidden symmetry algebra and the description of the associated states that form Jordan blocks remained to be studied. We present a set of six operators $\{A^{\pm},B^{\pm},C^{\pm}\}$ that can be combined to build a ${\mathfrak{gl}}(3)$ hidden algebra. The latter can be embedded in an ${\mathfrak{sp}}(6)$ algebra, as well as in an ${\mathfrak{osp}}(1/6)$ superalgebra. The states associated with the eigenstates and making Jordan blocks are induced in different ways by combinations of operators acting on the ground state. We present the action of these operators and study the construction of an extended biorthogonal basis. These rely on establishing various nontrivial polynomial and commutator identities. We also make a connection between the hidden symmetry and the underlying superintegrability property of the model. Interestingly, the integrals generate a cubic algebra. This work demonstrates how various concepts that have been applied widely to Hermitian Hamiltonians, such as hidden symmetries, superintegrability, and ladder operators, extend to the pseudo-Hermitian case with many differences.