Controlling crackling dynamics by triggering low intensity avalanches

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that localized, periodic excitations can significantly alter avalanche behavior in crackling dynamics, reducing large events without needing detailed system state information, and identifies key parameters governing this control.

Contribution

It introduces a method to control crackling avalanche sizes through localized excitations, revealing the role of injected power and excitation parameters in suppressing extreme events.

Findings

Localized excitations modify avalanche statistics.

Maximum suppression occurs at an optimal injected power.

Control method applies regardless of excitation location.

Abstract

We examine the effect of small, spatially localized, excitations applied periodically in different manners, on the crackling dynamics of a brittle crack driven slowly in a heterogeneous solid. When properly adjusted, these excitations are observed to radically modify avalanche statistics and considerably limit the magnitude of the largest events. Surprisingly, this does not require information on the front loading state at the time of excitation; applying it either at a random location or at the most loaded point gives the same results. Subsequently, we unravel how the excitation amplitude, spatial extent and frequency govern the effect. We find that the excitation efficiency is ruled by a single reduced parameter, namely the injected power per unit front length; the suppression of extreme avalanches is maximum at a well-defined optimal value of this control parameter. This analysis opens a new way to control largest events in crackling dynamics. Beyond fracture problems, it may be relevant for crackling systems described by models of the same universality class, such as the wetting of heterogeneous substrates or magnetic walls in amorphous magnets.