Output Regulation for Load Frequency Control

TL;DR

This paper introduces two output regulation-based control schemes for load frequency control in power systems with time-varying uncontrolled injections, improving stability and cost efficiency.

Contribution

It develops novel control strategies using output regulation theory to handle time-varying loads and renewable sources, including an approximate method for cost minimization.

Findings

Control schemes achieve stable frequency regulation under variable conditions

Proposed methods reduce generation costs effectively

Case studies demonstrate robustness and performance improvements

Abstract

Motivated by the inadequacy of the existing control strategies for power systems affected by time-varying uncontrolled power injections such as loads and the increasingly widespread renewable energy sources, this paper proposes two control schemes based on the well-known output regulation control methodology. The first one is designed based on the classical output regulation theory and addresses the so-called Load Frequency Control (LFC) problem in presence of time-varying uncontrolled power injections. Then, in order to also minimize the generation costs, we use an approximate output regulation method that solves numerically only the partial differential equation of the regulator equation and propose a controller based on this solution, minimizing an appropriate penalty function. An extensive case study shows excellent performance of the proposed control schemes in different and critical scenarios.