Low-complexity decentralized algorithm for aggregate load control of thermostatic loads

TL;DR

This paper presents a decentralized control algorithm for thermostatic loads like refrigerators, focusing on low complexity, adaptability to discrete time steps, and robustness, demonstrated through simulations of large heterogeneous populations.

Contribution

It introduces a novel low-complexity decentralized algorithm adapted from continuous control methods, suitable for appliance embedding and high-throughput simulations.

Findings

Accurate aggregate power control demonstrated in simulations.

High computational efficiency achieved for large populations.

Robustness confirmed against model errors and random perturbations.

Abstract

Thermostatically controlled loads such as refrigerators are exceptionally suitable as a flexible demand resource. This paper derives a decentralised load control algorithm for refrigerators. It is adapted from an existing continuous time control approach, with the aim to achieve low computational complexity and an ability to handle discrete time steps of variable length -- desirable features for embedding in appliances and high-throughput simulations. Simulation results of large populations of heterogeneous appliances illustrate the accurate aggregate control of power consumption and high computational efficiency. Tracking accuracy is quantified as a function of population size and time step size, and correlations in the tracking error are investigated. The controller is shown to be robust to errors in model specification and to sudden perturbations in the form of random refrigerator door openings.