Reliable Over-the-Air Computation by Amplify-and-Forward Based Relay

TL;DR

This paper proposes a relay-based amplify-and-forward method for over-the-air computation in sensor networks, reducing relay power and improving signal alignment for efficient data aggregation.

Contribution

It introduces a coherent relay policy that significantly lowers relay transmission power while maintaining low computation error, advancing practical over-the-air computation.

Findings

Coherent relay policy reduces relay power by half.

Proposed methods maintain low computation error.

Enhanced practical applicability of over-the-air computation.

Abstract

In typical sensor networks, data collection and processing are separated. A sink collects data from all nodes sequentially, which is very time consuming. Over-the-air computation, as a new diagram of sensor networks, integrates data collection and processing in one slot: all nodes transmit their signals simultaneously in the analog wave and the processing is done in the air. This method, although efficient, requires that signals from all nodes arrive at the sink, aligned in signal magnitude so as to enable an unbiased estimation. For nodes far away from the sink with a low channel gain, misalignment in signal magnitude is unavoidable. To solve this problem, in this paper, we investigate the amplify-and-forward based relay, in which a relay node amplifies signals from many nodes at the same time. We first discuss the general relay model and a simple relay policy. Then, a coherent relay policy is proposed to reduce relay transmission power. Directly minimizing the computation error tends to over-increase node transmission power. Therefore, the two relay policies are further refined with a new metric, and the transmission power is reduced while the computation error is kept low. In addition, the coherent relay policy helps to reduce the relay transmission power by half, to below the limit, which makes it one step ahead towards practical applications.