Euclidean formulation of relativistic quantum mechanics of N particles

TL;DR

This paper develops a Euclidean formulation of relativistic quantum mechanics for N-particle systems, enabling easier treatment of multi-particle interactions and direct connection to quantum field theories without analytic continuation.

Contribution

It introduces a Euclidean representation for relativistic N-particle systems, providing explicit kernels, Poincaré generators, and demonstrating reflection positivity and covariance.

Findings

Kernels for N free particles of any spin are reflection positive.

Explicit formulas for Poincaré generators are constructed and shown to be self-adjoint.

The Euclidean structure preserves covariance and reflection positivity.

Abstract

A Euclidean formulation of relativistic quantum mechanics for systems of a finite number of degrees of freedom is discussed. Relativistic treatments of quantum theory are needed to study hadronic systems at sub-hadronic distance scales. While direct interaction approaches to relativistic quantum mechanics have proved to be useful, they have two disadvantages. One is that cluster properties are difficult to realize for systems of more than two particles. The second is that the relation to quantum field theories is indirect. Euclidean formulations of relativistic quantum mechanics provide an alternative representation that does not have these difficulties. More surprising, the theory can be formulated entirely in the Euclidean representation without the need for analytic continuation. In this work a Euclidean representation of a relativistic $N$-particle system is discussed. Kernels for systems of N free particles of any spin are given and shown to be reflection positive. Explicit formulas for generators of the Poincar\'e group for any spin are constructed and shown to be self-adjoint on the Euclidean representation of the Hilbert space. The structure of correlations that preserve both the Euclidean covariance and reflection positivity is discussed.