Magnetic field inside of a nucleon and the quark-Zeeman effect

TL;DR

This paper proposes a theoretical signature of a Zeeman-like effect inside nucleons, suggesting the existence of extremely strong magnetic fields within protons, based on analysis of parton distributions and statistical models.

Contribution

It introduces a novel approach to detect magnetic fields inside nucleons using parton distributions and Fermi-Dirac statistics, a concept not previously explored.

Findings

Predicted magnetic fields inside protons of unprecedented magnitude

Identified a possible Zeeman-like signature in nucleons

Provided a theoretical framework for future experimental detection

Abstract

Zeeman effect has been an invaluable tool for the detection and measurement of the effects of a magnetic field on the internal behavior of atoms and nuclei. Along with M\"{o}ssbauer effect, it has been used to determine the magnitude of the magnetic field present in nuclei of atoms but has not been detected inside nucleons so far. In this work, we present a possible signature of the Zeeman-like effect in nucleons that one can extract from the parton distributions with the use of statistical models and Fermi-Dirac distribution. These effects in turn---if electromagnetically dominated---predict the presence of magnetic fields of an unprecedented magnitude inside protons.