Regular multihorizon black holes in General Relativity

TL;DR

This paper introduces new multihorizon regular black hole solutions in General Relativity, constructed from known solutions coupled with nonlinear electrodynamics, analyzing their regularity, energy conditions, and properties with multiple horizons.

Contribution

It proposes a method to generate regular multihorizon black holes by combining existing solutions, exploring their energy conditions, and demonstrating solutions with any number of horizons.

Findings

Solutions with four, six, or more horizons are regular and can satisfy most energy conditions.

The strong energy condition is always violated inside the event horizon in these solutions.

Examples include Bardeen-Culetu, Balart-Culetu, and Balart-Culetu-Dymnikova solutions, with specific charge ratios.

Abstract

In this work, new solutions for regular black holes that have multihorizons are proposed. These are formed by the direct product of solutions already published in the literature, which are described through the coupling of gravity with nonlinear electrodynamics. We analyze the regularity of the spacetime, the electric field, and the energy conditions of each solution. The strong energy condition is always violated within the event horizon in all solutions, while other energy conditions depend on the ratio between extreme charges of isolated solutions. For solutions with four horizons, we present two examples, Bardeen-Culetu and Balart-Culetu. Both solutions are regular, but the first do not satisfy all the energy conditions, except the strong, because it has an extreme charge ratio of 1.57581, great value. The second solution, on the other hand, can satisfy all other energy conditions, except the SEC, and has an extreme charge ratio of 1.09915, a value that allows this feature. It's also proposed a regular solution with up to six horizons, Balart-Culetu-Dymnikova, where, for a given charge value, we can verify that it satisfies all energy conditions, except the strong one. This was possible due to the ratio between extreme charges that are neither too high nor too close. We propose solutions with any number of horizons. We show that points where $-F(r)$ has a non null minimum represent a cusp in the Lagrangian $-L(F)$. We also show an example of multihorizon solution with magnetic charge. Multihorizon solutions may exhibit exotic properties, such as negative energy density, or violation of energy conditions, but which can be circumvented with a selected choice of customized solutions and extreme charge values, resulting in regular black hole solutions that satisfy all energy conditions, less the strong.